"Does God exist?"

THE SUBJECT OF GOD TREATED WITH RULE B
From Blessed Raymond Lull's Ars Generalis Ultima

72 We ask: "Does God exist?" To investigate the proof of God's existence we want to follow the method of the Art, and mix the principles with the rules while applying the term "eternity" to the other principles. First, the existence of God is proved with the term "eternity" and then again by applying "eternity" to the other principles as will be seen in the process below.

Eternity exists: now if it did not exist, the world would have given rise to itself, and thus it would have had to exist before existing, which is an impossibility: no being can give rise to itself, and therefore eternity exists and consequently so does its concrete being, namely eternal being, because an essence can never be without its concrete being or vice versa. 

73 Infinite duration exists, and its infinity is good: hence, goodness exists on account of eternal being doing eternal good from eternity and in eternity throughout an infinitely good duration; therefore an infinitely good being is one whose goodness is a reason for doing good infinitely and eternally. And this is the being whom we call God: therefore the above statements demonstrate that God exists. And this is something that the human intellect cannot deny if it follows the mode of the general Art.

74 Eternity exists, as has already been proved above: and it is great on account of its greatness that is just as immense and infinite as its magnitude is infinite in duration or eternity. And this eternal being, who is the subject of the said eternity and magnitude, is called God, who necessarily exists in account of the said reasons: now infinite and eternal being must necessarily exist, there is no other option.

75 Eternity exists, as proved above, and since it exists, there is also infinite power without which there cannot be any infinite eternity, as power is the reason on account of which eternity can exist and act on an infinite scale. And the subject of the said eternity is the one whom we call God.

76 Eternity exists: and its infinite being can be understood; hence, there must be a living eternal being who is alive without which it cannot be eternally understood. And this is the being whom we call God.

77 Eternity is infinite duration and as such it is lovable: hence, eternal being is alive, without which it cannot be loved from eternity and in eternity. And this eternally beloved being is the one whom we call God.

78 As eternity is infinite, so it is also virtuous and it cannot be virtuous without infinite virtue. Hence we first conclude that there is infinite virtue so that no vice can be prior to it. The second conclusion is that eternity has an act, namely in the act of eternizing in which all the principles of the first figure have eternal acts such as the optimizing of goodness, the infinite or eternizing action of eternity, the empowering action of power etc., otherwise this virtue would be both virtuous and idle and this is an impossibility. And this is the virtuous and eternal being whom we call God. 

79 Eternity exists and because it is infinite, there is an infinite and glorious being as well as infinite glory without which no eternal, infinite and glorious being can exist at all: in this being the acts of eternizing and glorifying exist in the end, without which eternal being would be in eternal torment, which is false and an impossibility. And the being in whom the acts of eternizing and glorification proceed is the one whom we call God.

80 Eternity exists, and its intrinsic coessential reasons are clear without any confusion as they constitute its concrete being as one eternal being that is eternal and good on account of goodness, great on account of greatness, powerful on account of power etc.: however they are not different in existence but only in action given that in this eternal being, intrinsic goodness, magnitude, etc. are essentially identical so that eternity is good, great, etc. not by accident but per se: and they are clear on account of their action because eternity is the reason for eternal being to have an eternal act and greatness a reason to have a great act etc: and eternal being is produced and eternized by reason of eternity. Hence it necessarily follows that in the essence of eternity there is an intrinsic active producer of good and of eternity who is distinct from the intrinsically produced eternal good and both of them are distinct from the acts of eternizing, optimizing, magnifying, as they all exist in one identical essence on account of their coessential relationship; otherwise, the relationships would be confused. And this is the eternal and absolute being whom we call God.

81 Eternity exists and consequently eternal being exists as well: and in this eternal being there are coessential reasons that are its own and that are in concordance in their unity and plurality: given that just as eternity is infinite duration, so is its goodness infinite optimization, and its magnitude is infinite magnification and is power is infinite empowerment and its intellect is infinite understanding and its will is infinite volition etc. and all are one single good, great etc. being and this being has an infinite act of optimizing through goodness, and infinite magnificence through magnitude etc. And this is the being whom we call God.

82 Eternity exists and consequently eternal being exists as well. And because eternity is infinite it follows that infinite being is infinite as well; and because it is a good being, there is no finite being that can contradict infinite and eternal being to stop it from doing good, great etc. acts, nor can this eternal being oppose its own self in any way at all, since its coessential reasons are infinite and have infinite acts. And this is the being whom we call God.

83 Eternity exists and time also exists: but eternity is infinite duration whereas time cannot be infinite in duration; this is because time cannot exist without motion whereas eternity is without any motion. And it follows that eternity is a primordial and ultimate principle, absolutely prior to time. And this eternal being that exists as the first and ultimate principle is the one whom we call God.

84 Eternity exists: and as it is an absolutely infinite essence it follows that it has an intrinsic act of eternizing, as a medium between the eternizer and the eternized; without this, eternity would be infinite in existence but finite in action which would totally destroy its eternity, and this is an impossibility. And this eternity with its intrinsic act of eternizing is the one whom we call God.

85 Eternity exists, and because it exists infinitely, it also has an infinite act so that its end is equal to its existence; namely, as it is infinite in existence, it is also infinite in action through the eternizer, the eternized and the act of eternizing. And this eternity eternally fulfilled in its ultimate end, is the one whom we call God.

86 Eternity exists, and it is the greatest duration that can possibly be, with the greatest goodness that can possibly be and the greatest magnitude that can possibly be: minority cannot contradict these reasons or stop them from being infinite in their existence and action. And this major duration is the one whom we call God.

87 Eternity exists and consequently eternal being exists; and this eternal being's own intrinsic goodness, magnitude, etc. are equal to eternity so that its goodness, greatness, etc. are just as infinite in optimizing as eternity is infinite in duration. And this is the eternal being whom we call God.

88 Eternity exists and as it is infinite duration, eternity is infinitely removed from minority which is finite: and consequently eternity is infinitely removed from anything finite or smaller than eternity: and the same can be said about every kind of minor existence or activity, whatever it may be.

89 We made propositions declaring the existence of God, with all the principles: but we can also make demonstrative proofs by using the same principles as we form syllogisms in the following way: there is no infinite being without infinite power: eternity is an infinite being: therefore eternity does not exist without infinite power: and the being that has infinite power is neither heaven nor anything under heaven; and therefore we say that this being is God. Further, there is no infinite being without infinite power, eternity is an infinite being, therefore eternity cannot be without infinite power.

90 We have proved the existence of God and solved the question that asks whether there is a God: and as we have proven that there is a God with the principles and with rule B, we can also find out about God's existence and intrinsic activity, with the help of his grace. However we can only partly apprehend divine truths and we can never fully comprehend them because God is infinite whereas our intellect is finite.

Contents of Ars Infusa